Amazon Search Engine Optimization Approaches - 1251 Words

SEO or search engine optimization approaches differ based on the platform you are using. Amazon search engine optimization or Amazon SEO differs from traditional SEO for several reasons, though the concepts are similar. How does Amazon SEO differ from traditional SEO, and how do you maximize your product’s rankings in Amazon searches? Titles Titles for Amazon products and webpages are equally important. Product names and key search terms should be included in the Amazon product title to rank well in Amazon searches. Alexa, Dot and Voice Search Amazon has been promoting sales of Amazon Dot and other information appliances tied into the Alexa artificial intelligence for several reasons. The greatest incentive for Amazon is being able†¦show more content†¦Where possible, include input from the user community on your product page like customers answering each other’s’ questions on the products and advice on why one model is better than the other. Tailor Offers to Amazon Customers Your product’s listings must be tailored to what Amazon customers want. For example, a sizable percentage of shopping carts are abandoned when customers are surprised by extra shipping costs or additional fees. The solution is being clear on your shipping terms and associated costs up front in the purchasing process. In contrast, Amazon SEO should focus on qualifying for Amazon Prime, Amazon Prime One Day, Amazon Fresh, Amazon Global and other programs that reward customers with low to no shipping costs. Fulfillment by Amazon should be researched if you otherwise may not be able to ship products as quickly as your customers would want them to be. For example, fulfillment by Amazon could lead to much higher sales if you otherwise couldn’t meet the â€Å"get it by tomorrow† requirement for people requesting party items, replacement parts for appliances or medical items. Determine whether or not you can support repeat purchases on a schedule. 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The positives and negatives towards physical education Free Essays

‘Young kids are taking progressively sedentary lives, with physical activity often being displaced by telecasting screening, cyberspace surfboarding and picture gambling ‘ , Myers, Strikmiller, Webber and Berenson ( 1996 ) . Furthermore, great concern has surfaced for this lifestyle alteration as, harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( 2000 ) childhood fleshiness has risen dramatically in the last 10 old ages. When looking at the school context, integrating physical activity or athletics is a likely agency of bettering the physical wellness position of kids, Haskell ( 1994 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The positives and negatives towards physical education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmonizing to research undertaken physical instruction can take to improved cognitive public presentation ; Sibley A ; Etiner ( 2003 ) . Research besides shows us that in some fortunes physical instruction can take to improved attending and greater concentration, Hillman, Castelli A ; Buck ( 2005 ) , Shephard ( 1996 ) . With this in head can physical instruction Teach immature people about self worth and the value of esteeming others? This paper will research the thought that physical instruction can make these things but besides look at the impudent side of the coin and see if they can hold a negative mentality on students. Prior to the general election in 1997 the labor party stated that ‘Sport can be important to the societal and personal development of immature people and by take parting in featuring activities they can larn to distinguish between good and bad behavior ‘ , ( Crabbe 2000 ) adds that the labor party declared that if elected they would get down developing featuring chances for immature people to, ‘help them further a sense of their value to society and assist undertake jobs of young person offense ‘ . Indeed when elected in 1997 the Labour authorities started back uping athleticss programmes for young persons both in and out of school. It is excessively early in to the new Conservative/Liberal alliance to cognize how they will back up athleticss programmes for kids, as on one manus they have begun programs to get down a schools Olympic manner competition modelled on London 2012, Telegraph ( 2010 ) , but on the other the have already began cuts on public disbursem ent which is extremely likely to impact schools. Within schools, physical instruction is an indispensable constituent of quality instruction. Not merely make physical instruction programmes promote physical activity, but harmonizing to Nicholas ( 2004 ) participants in such programmes are besides shown to hold improved academic public presentation under certain conditions. It is frequently believed that athletics and physical instruction is cardinal to the early development of kids and young person and the accomplishments learned during drama, physical instruction and feature contribute to the holistic development of immature people. Harmonizing to Hendry ( 1993 ) ‘through engagement in athletics and physical instruction immature people learn about the importance of cardinal values such as, honestness, just drama regard for themselves and others and attachment to the regulations ‘ . Collins ( 2003 ) ads it besides provides a forum for immature people to larn how to cover with competition and how to get by with both winn ing and losing. These larning facets highlight the impact of physical accomplishments and abilities. Measuring the relationship between physical instruction and academic accomplishment is a hard undertaking, due to the challenges of shaping and mensurating Physical Education. i.e. it is hard when the clip kids spend in P.E every bit good as the quality of direction they receive varies from school to school. In 2005 a survey was conducted by Grissom ( 2005 ) , of 884,715 pupils in California to measure the relationship between physical fittingness, a marker of physical activity and academic accomplishment over the class of a school twelvemonth. Grissom besides included pupil ‘s socioeconomic position and gender. Grissom ‘s findings supported the presence of a positive relationship between physical fittingness and academic accomplishment. Subsequent analyses revealed that this relationship was stronger for misss than for male childs and stronger for those who came from higher socioeconomic back evidences than those who came from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Nichols ( 2 007 ) adds to this by saying every bit good as a kid ‘s academic accomplishment improving, ‘through physical instruction they besides learn the value of esteeming others through squad work and competition ‘ . It seems plausible that kids wining at athleticss at school i.e. doing a squad or going captain could do a kid attempt harder at other topics such as maths, English and scientific discipline because the sense of joy they get from accomplishing positive ends in athletics could take to the kid desiring to travel to school. But look at the impudent side of the coin. The survey above was a generalization. Would the survey achieve the same consequences if all the students had non liked physical education/sport? What if a kid hates physical education/sport or even worse loves the athletics but is merely non good plenty to acquire in the squad or nine he or she tries out for. There seems to be small or no research to supply grounds on bettering cognitive public presentation or larning self deserving for those with less ability in a athletics. One could reason that it could hold a negative consequence on cognitive public presentation and classs could get down to drop. The grounds for this co uld be the kid could be bullied about his or hers lack of accomplishment in athletics or the kid could get down to resent traveling to school and attending could drop. In 1985 after a survey by Noles ( 1985 ) , he recommended supplying physical activity in primary schools based on physical activity penchants. He states, ‘by offering a broad assortment of activity types, for illustration, dance, aerobic exercises, running and ball games and let kids to take part in the activity of their pick, you are far more likely to acquire kids to prosecute to the full ‘ . This would be on a day-to-day footing with the intent of supplying regular physical activity and for kids to take portion in something they enjoy. This is supported by the British authorities who recommend 30 proceedingss of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity per twenty-four hours for kids in primary schools and 5 hours per hebdomad for secondary school pupils, 2.5 hours of which comes through P.E taught in school and a farther 2.5 hours completed through after school squads etc. ‘Specialist athleticss colleges are at the Centre of the authorities ‘s scheme to heighten immature people ‘s chances to take part in a broad scope of athleticss every bit good as lifting the criterion of instruction and acquisition of physical instruction and school athletics ‘ . ( Youth athletics trust 2010 ) . 1997 saw the debut of athleticss colleges as portion of the specializer schools programme in the United Kingdom. Harmonizing to ( Sport England 2010 ) these plans allow secondary schools to specialize in certain Fieldss, in this instance PE, athleticss and dance. Sports colleges are designed to develop a seeable ethos throughout the school and within their local community which will hopefully animate their scholars to prosecute in athletics. Harmonizing to ( specialist athleticss school criterions 2010 ) athleticss colleges will, back up the authoritiess aspiration for all immature people to hold two hours high quality PE per hebdomad within and outside the course of study. Take an appropriate function in the physical instruction, school athletics and nines link. Develop the accomplishments and apprehension of instructors and do greater usage of new engineerings as a manner of raising the quality of instruction and acquisition in PE. Extend proviso and installations to profit all scholars of all featuring abilities, whilst besides giving those with the greatest possible, chances to accomplish the highest criterions of which they are capable. Work with other schools and the wider community to develop and portion good pattern, installations, human and other resources. And eventually are involved in national enterprises ( e.g. Step into Sport ) and competitions that enrich proviso in PE and athletics for their ain scholars and those in their spouse schools. ‘Team games in physical instruction and athletics are frequently where negative behavior, such as cheating, dissent towards teachers/officials, winning/losing ungraciously and inordinate aggression are often exhibited ‘ , Shephard ( 1997 ) , this creates a figure of chances for the instructor to discus behaviors and values associated to these behaviors. The overall purpose of each of the lessons is for the specific behaviors attached to each of the values are modelled by the students and for these behaviors to be taken beyond the field/gymnasium. Harmonizing to Shephard et Al ( 1994 ) , there are peculiar conditions that should use to each lesson that will make a positive acquisition environment for values-based instruction. If the following acquisition conditions are in topographic point the lesson is more likely to be a successful one: ( 1 ) . Teaching manner. The instructor should be confident in utilizing a divergent, child-centred manner. Her/his function is one of facilitator and perceiver. The ability to reflect eloquently on the behavior in the lesson is indispensable. Behaviour that reflect the values are referred to as ‘teachable minutes ‘ . They can be positive or negative illustrations although positive TMs tend to be more effectual than negative. ( 2 ) . A set of nucleus values for the lessons should be identified and put under the streamer of ‘Fair Play ‘ . For the lesson illustrations given are respect, equity, duty, trust and inclusion but they can be chosen harmonizing to the ethos of the school or the demands of the kids. ( 3 ) . The instructor to move as a function theoretical account. It seems plausible that if a instructor wants the kids to show certain behaviors so he/she must pattern those behaviors themselves. For illustration, covering with both winning and losing, and the success and failure that brings, in an honorable manner. ( 4 ) .Building positive relationships. Often a PE instructor has more chance to construct positive relationships with students inside and outside of their lessons. For illustration, a instructor looking for chances to raise the self-pride of a ‘difficult ‘ student by offering congratulations in private whilst walking back to the changing room. In decision, it is unrealistic to claim that physical instruction entirely can take to greater academic accomplishment. Although ( Gatz et al 2002 ) argues that, ‘organised physical instruction programmes, can nevertheless, contribute to giving better moralss and values by giving immature people a positive individuality, feelings of authorization and by assisting young person get leading, teamwork and self-governance accomplishments under grownup supervising ‘ . Furthermore Andrews ( 2010 ) adds to this by saying ‘in general athletics and physical instruction is considered extremely good to the physical and mental development of a kid and non merely does it assist better a kid ‘s co-ordination and increase consciousness of his or her organic structure, but besides helps them interact socially, learn regulations and esteem them, heighten concentration capacity and learn to take duties ‘ . Although surveies in the past all seem to hold that physical instru ction does take to greater cognitive public presentation and Teach kids moralss and values of regard for themselves and others, these are all generalizations. Furthermore the lone thing that does look to be clear is the fact that physical instruction does assist battle kid fleshiness which is a turning concern and few would differ that a kid that looks good would experience good about themselves, giving the kid a sense of ego worth. Golenberg et Al ( 2000 ) discussed the values of the organic structure in relation to the consequence they can hold on ego regard, saying that ‘one ‘s physical organic structure is a possible beginning of ego regard and that non populating up to societal criterions sing the organic structure can hold negative effects for the ego ‘ . ‘Among male childs and misss organic structure dissatisfaction is linked to moo self esteem insecurity and depression ‘ , Cash et Al ( 1986 ) , McCaulay et Al ( 1988 ) , ‘while organic stru cture satisfaction is associated with felicity ‘ , Berscheid et Al ( 1973 ) . How to cite The positives and negatives towards physical education, Essay examples

The Art of a Soliloquy Learning to Face Ones Personal Demons

Sonnet: Solitude Face solitude right in the evil eye;Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of a Soliloquy: Learning to Face One’s Personal Demons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It stares at you and never says a word. It makes you cringe, regret, deny, defy – The more it lasts, the stronger it may hurt. But we did reconcile long ago; It takes me where I’d never dare to go. Sonnet Analysis The given sonnet follows the tradition of English sonnet writing. It has seven lines, the ABAB CCC rhyme scheme, and its meter can be defined as iambic pentameter, with five masculine rhymes. The poem consists of one quatrain and two rhymed lines. It is remarkable that in the Italian tradition, the structure of the poem would have been different, with a tercet instead of two lines at the end; the English tradition, however, presupposes that the tercet should be replaced by two lines.Advertising Look ing for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Speaking of the content of the sonnet, the specifics of the era must be mentioned. In the XXI century, being left long even for a moment is hardly possible – no matter where one goes, the beeping of a mobile phone or a voice mail notification will always let one know that there are millions of people around waiting for a conversation to start. Moreover, many people, in fact, are afraid of being left alone (Grant 1223). The idea that a lot of people fear solitude, however, begs the question whether being alone can actually have positive results on a person. In both modern and ancient literature, there are many examples of the lead characters having a great revelation when they finally find time to look into their soul; however, there are even more examples of the characters who go mad once taking a glance into the depth of their psychics. The choice of the r hyme, number of lines and structure as the means of expression was deliberate. To emphasize the significance of the phenomenon, as well as the effect that loneliness has on different people, it was required to use very short and concise phrases. Thus, the depressing atmosphere of solitude, which most people experience as they are left to face their own demons and lead an inner dialogue, has been created. The fact that the poem was split into a quatrain and two additional lines also contributes to conveying the poem innuendoes to the reader. While in the first part, angst comes into the foreground, along with anxiety, the second part of the sonnet displays a relatively calmer attitude towards the idea of being lonely. Thus, the meter of the sonnet allows for creating a psychological mini drama, in which the lead character undergoes a transformation from a psychologically troubled and far-stricken creature to its enlightened, though, perhaps, even more insane, new self. On the one han d, an inner dialog is admittedly a moment of truth. On the other hand, for a number of people, sweeping their fears and manias under the rug is the only way to stay sane and, therefore, revisiting these fears means making a huge step back in fighting them. Once reminded of, nightmares are most likely to return, which means that the moment of solitude has been drastic for the person in question. Allowing the reader to spot the duality of the nature of solitude, the given poem raises a number of questions regarding not only human nature in general, but also the nature of the reader’s self, therefore, making the reader figure out whether the reader should also try exploring the depth of his/her subconscious.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of a Soliloquy: Learning to Face One’s Personal Demons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Grant, Arthur G. â€Å"No Loneliness of His Face.† Journal of General Internal Medicine 27.9 (2012), 1223–1224. Print. This essay on The Art of a Soliloquy: Learning to Face One’s Personal Demons was written and submitted by user Samuel Christian to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) The WritePass Journal

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) John | July 18, 2017 Autism Spectrum Disorder Causes, Reasons and TreatmentCauses of ASDCauses of ASD GenticsTo modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us TodayCauses of ASD Environmental FactorsReasons for ASDASD Treatment MedicationsASD Treatment Behaviours and CommunicationConclusionTo modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us TodayBibliographyTo modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us TodayRelated Autism Spectrum Disorder Causes, Reasons and Treatment Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a developmental disability that affects people’s personalities based on how they interact with the world (Magalhaes and Almeida, 2010). However, Sparks and Dager (2012, p. 187) defines ASD as â€Å"a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs ones ability to communicate and interact with others.† Various ASD definitions are known to be universal since they recognise it as a spectral condition (Baird et al., 2016). In his study, Umekage (2011, p. 25), indicates that ASD is a hidden disability coupled with foetal brain damage as well as impairment of neural vitro development. Characterised by interests, activities and repetitive behaviours, ASD is so complex that it varies from one case to another (Akanksha et al., 2011). Despite various studies on the reasons, causes and treatment of ASD, there are relatively unknown rationale for its causes. Chandler and Baird (2015, p. 923) posits that people with ASD need different kinds of support since their ways of development and learning differ from every individual. The aim of this paper is to discuss the causes, reasons and treatment of ASD. Causes of ASD Although there are undetermined causes of ASD, scientists as well as medical practitioners believe that an amalgamation of genetic and environmental factors are the two major causes of ASD (Fitzgerald and Geschwind, 2013). To start with, the cause of ASD via genetic factors is not a simple process, but a complex of progression that involve multiple genes. Causes of ASD Gentics Autism Spectrum Disorder As indicated by Schechtman (2014, p.86) study, the rate of ASD development in identical twins as well as monozygotic is higher than rates in dizygotic and same-sex fraternal twins. This indicates that fraternal twins only share some genes, while identical twins have equal genes and therefore genes contributes much to autism. More so, Brothers as well as sisters of children with autism have high level of autism (Fitzgerald and Geschwind, 2013). From another perspective, Smith and John (2011, p. 803) in their research attributed that siblings share certain problems such as language as well as learning difficulties if one of the sibling has autism. However, it is not clear if autism is inherited as well as more general predisposition difficulties. To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today Causes of ASD Environmental Factors Secondly, ASD can be caused by environmental factors. Environmental toxins such as mercury and thimerosoal vaccines cause autism stems (Mercer et al., 2016). More so, congenital rubella infection is one of the environmental factors that cause ASD. However, Goin-Kochel and Myers (2015, p. 172) disputes that there is anyclarity environmental factors causing ASD and therefore more studies needs to be done. Rich and Isager (2012, p. 410) adds â€Å"some of the evidence proposed for environmental factors is based on case reports, which are often difficult to interpret.† Reasons for ASD ASD as mentioned earlier, ASD can be caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, however, we have reasons ASD occurs. First, Autism exists when a single gene known as fragile X syndrome (FXS) exists in the blood (Hessl and Schneider, 2013). FXS is defined as a syndrome that is coupled with autism as well as intellectual disability (Visootsak and Picker, 2015). As per Wehner and Hagerman (2011, p. 415), â€Å"Whereas ASD is a behavioural diagnosis, FXS is a medical, or more accurately, a genetic diagnosis and therefore when associated with FXS, ASD is caused by the genetic change or mutation in the Fragile X gene.† This alters normal blood circulation, hence ASD. Secondly, individuals are affected by ASD when tuberous sclerosis, chromosome 15q and other genetic conditions subsist (Hessl and Schneider, 2013). ASD Treatment Medications Core symptoms associated with ASD have no medication and cure, but we have medications that help to manage high energy levels of ASD, seizures, inability to focus as well as depression symptoms (Burrell and Borrego, 2012). The first treatment method utilised during ASD is the early intervention service. This method improves individual’s development, especially children with ASD (Buitelaar and Wong, 2014). These services, such as vitamin therapy, auditory training, facilitated communication and physical therapy improve children talk, interaction and walk. Early intervention services attribute the theory of mind as an explanatory ASD theory that reflects on the symptom criteria (A) of the DSM-5. As per Gallese and Goldman (2012, p. 496), the theory of mind was created by Uta Frith, Alan Leslie and Simon Baron-Cohen in 1985 to explain communication persistence as well as social interaction for people with ASD. ASD Treatment Behaviours and Communication The second method used for ASD treatment is the behaviours and communication approaches. This method involves direct, organised and structural ways for people with ASD to participate in a given paediatric events and medication. As per Burrell and Borrego (2012, p. 424), applied behaviour analysis (ABA) is utilised as a treatment of ASD via behaviour and communication approach to encourage positive and discourage negative behaviours hence improving various skills needed during ASD treatment. This is in relation to the theory of executive dysfunction which states, â€Å"Executive functions (EF) are a set of cognitive skills that are put into practice through autonomous activities.† Most of these EF skills are utilised by ASD patients to boost their flexibility, organisation, objectives and goals, anticipation as well as to be able to control their impulses (Buitelaar and Wong, 2014). Thirdly, ASD can be treated through dietary approaches. Change in diet, such as using certain foods, mineral supplements and vitamin helps to treat certain ASD effects. However, Talalay and Zimmerman (2014) posit that although dietary approach is considered as one of the ASD treatment, there is no scientific support and recommendation. Finally, ASD can be treated using complementary and alternative treatments. Treatments associated with complementary and alternative approaches include chelation, biological such as secretin, special diets and body-based systems (Burrell and Borrego, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion, the aim of this paper was to discuss the causes, reasons and treatment of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Being a hidden disability coupled with foetal brain damage as well as impairment of neural vitro development, ASD has varied and complex behaviours hence there is unknown treatment for core symptoms. Generally, ASD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as genes inheritance and environmental toxins respectively. Some of the treatments for ASD as discussed included the used of the early intervention services, the behaviours and communication approaches, dietary approaches and complementary and alternative treatments. Characterised by interests, activities and repetitive behaviours, ASD is so complex that it varies from one case to another and therefore its treatments depends on an individual case. To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today Bibliography Akanksha, M., Sahil, K., Premjeet, S. and Bhawna, K. (2011) â€Å"Autism spectrum disorders (ASD).† International Journal of research in ayurveda pharmacy, 2(5), pp.1541- 1546. Baird, G., Simonoff, E. and Charman, T. (2016) â€Å"Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP).† The lancet, 368(9531), pp.210-215. Burrell, L. and Borrego, J. (2012) â€Å"Parents Involvement in ASD Treatment: What Is Their Role?.† Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(3), pp.423-432. Buitelaar, K. and Wong, C. (2014) â€Å"Psychopharmacological prescriptions for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a multinational study.† Psychopharmacology, 231(6), pp.999-1009. Chandler, S. and Baird, G. (2015) â€Å"Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample.† Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), pp.921-929. Fitzgerald, R. and Geschwind, D. (2013) â€Å"Autism recurrence in half siblings: strong support for genetic mechanisms of transmission in ASD.† Molecular psychiatry, 18(2), p.137- 140. Goin-Kochel, P. and Myers, B. (2015) â€Å"Congenital versus regressive onset of autism spectrum disorders: Parents beliefs about causes.† Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 20(3), pp.169-179. Gallese, V. and Goldman, A. (2012) â€Å"Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading.† Trends in cognitive sciences, 2(12), pp.493-501. Hessl, D. and Schneider, A. (2013) â€Å"Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders 79(2), pp. 1320-1324. Magalhaes, T. and Almeida, J. (2010) â€Å"Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorder.† Nature, 466(7304), pp.368-401. Mercer, L., Creighton, S. and Lewis, S. (2016) â€Å"Parental perspectives on the causes of an autism spectrum disorder in their children.† Journal of Genetic Counseling, 15(1), pp.41-50. Rich, B. and Isager, T. (2012) â€Å"Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: an update.† Autism, 12(4), pp.403-414. Sparks, B. and Dager, S. (2012) â€Å"Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder.† Neurology, 59(2), pp.184-192. Schechtman, M. (2014) â€Å"Scientifically unsupported therapies in the treatment of young children with autism disorders.† Psychiatric Annals, 37(9), pp. 79-92. Smith, S. and John, W. (2011) â€Å"Col4a1 mutation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and genetically modifiable ocular dysgenesis.† Human molecular genetics, 16(7), pp.798- 807. Talalay, P. and Zimmerman, A. (2014) â€Å"Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).† Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(43), pp.50-55. Umekage, T. (2011) â€Å"Association of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Japanese population.† Journal of human genetics, 55(3), pp. 23-32. Visootsak, J. and Picker, J. (2015) â€Å"Advances in the treatment of fragile X syndrome.† Pediatrics, 123(1), pp.378-390. Wehner, A. and Hagerman, R. (2011) â€Å"The behavioral phenotype in fragile X: symptoms of autism in very young children with fragile X syndrome, idiopathic autism, and other developmental disorders.† Journal of developmental behavioral pediatrics, 22(6), pp.409-417. To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today Other Links:

History of the Domestication of Donkeys

History of the Domestication of Donkeys The modern domestic donkey (Equus asinus) was bred from the wild African ass (E. africanus) in northeastern Africa during the predynastic period of Egypt, about 6,000 years ago. Two wild ass subspecies are thought to have had a role in the development of the modern donkey: the Nubian ass (Equus africanus africanus) and the Somali ass (E. africanus somaliensis), although recent mtDNA analysis suggests that only the Nubian ass contributed genetically to the domestic donkey. Both of these asses are still alive today, but both are listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. The donkeys relationship with the Egyptian civilization is well-documented. For example, murals in the tomb of the New Kingdom pharaoh Tutankhamun illustrate nobles participating in a wild ass hunt. However, the real importance of the donkey relates to its use as a pack animal. Donkeys are desert-adapted and can carry heavy loads through arid lands allowing pastoralists to move their households with their herds. In addition, donkeys proved ideal for the transport of food and trade goods throughout Africa and Asia. Domestic Donkeys and Archaeology Archaeological evidence used to identify domesticated donkeys includes changes in body morphology. Domestic donkeys are smaller than wild ones, and, in particular, they have smaller and less robust metacarpals (foot bones). In addition, donkey burials have been noted at some sites; such burials likely reflect the value of trusted domestic animals. Pathological evidence of damage to spinal columns resulting from donkeys use (maybe overuse) as pack animals is also seen on domestic donkeys, a situation not thought likely on their wild progenitors. The earliest domesticated donkey bones identified archaeologically date to 4600-4000 BC, at the site of El-Omari, a predynastic Maadi site in Upper Egypt near Cairo. Articulated donkey skeletons have been found buried in special tombs within the cemeteries of several predynastic sites, including Abydos (ca. 3000 BC) and Tarkhan (ca. 2850 BC). Donkey bones also have been discovered at sites in Syria, Iran, and Iraq between 2800-2500 BC. The site of Uan Muhuggiag in Libya has domestic donkey bones dated to ~3000 years ago. Domestic Donkeys at Abydos A 2008 study (Rossel et al.) examined 10 donkey skeletons buried at the Predynastic site of Abydos (about ca 3000 BC). The burials were in three purposefully constructed brick tombs adjacent to the cult enclosure of an early (so far unnamed) Egyptian king. The donkey tombs lacked grave goods and in fact, only contained articulated donkey skeletons. An analysis of the skeletons and comparison with modern and ancient animals revealed that the donkeys had been used as beasts of burden, evidenced by signs of strain on their vertebral bones. In addition, the body morphology of the donkeys was midway between wild asses and modern donkeys, leading researchers to argue that the domestication process was not complete by the end of the predynastic period, but instead continued as a slow process over periods of several centuries. Donkey DNA DNA sequencing of ancient, historic and modern samples of donkeys throughout northeastern Africa was reported (Kimura et al) in 2010, including data from the site of Uan Muhuggiag in Libya. This study suggests that domestic donkeys are derived solely from the Nubian wild ass. Results of the testing demonstrate that Nubian and Somali wild asses have distinct mitochondrial DNA sequences. Historic domestic donkeys appear to be genetically identical to Nubian wild asses, suggesting that modern Nubian wild asses are actually survivors of previously domesticated animals. Further, it seems likely that wild asses were domesticated several times, by cattle herders perhaps beginning as long ago as 8900-8400 calibrated years ago cal BP. Interbreeding between wild and domestic asses (called introgression) is likely to have continued throughout the domestication process. However, Bronze Age Egyptian asses (ca 3000 BC at Abydos) were morphologically wild, suggesting either that the process was a long slow one, or that wild asses had characteristics that were favored over domestic ones for some activities. Sources Beja-Pereira, Albano, et al. 2004 African origins of the domestic donkey. Science 304:1781. Kimura, Birgitta. Donkey Domestication. African Archaeological Review, Fiona Marshall, Albano Beja-Pereira, et al., ResearchGate, March 2013. Kimura B, Marshall FB, Chen S, Rosenbom S, Moehlman PD, Tuross N, Sabin RC, Peters J, Barich B, Yohannes H et al. 2010. Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: (online pre-publish). Rossel, Stine. Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators. Fiona Marshall, Joris Peters, et al., PNAS, March 11, 2008.

Issues in Contemporary Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Issues in Contemporary Auditing - Essay Example The aspect of financial transaction record would be quite vital to be thoroughly examined in the process. It has been revealed that Hammerson plc upholds proper financial statement by following the guidelines of Companies Act 1985 which depicts true and fair values that facilitate the company to maintain accurate financial records. Additionally, an audit report of the company is also conducted by following the guidelines of the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) which is authorized by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). Moreover, while preparing an audit report, Hammerson also utilizes various financial transaction tests that facilitate it to identify the valuation of assets and liabilities which are essential to be considered. The Audit Committee should also note that Hammerson takes the responsibility for protecting the assets of the company along with safeguarding them from the hand of fraud, error, and non-compliance by adhering to the laws and regulations which are mentioned in Companies Act 1985 under Section 389(A). The company also provides other financial services under the Financial Services Act 1986. Compensation which will be due for the provided service to Hammerson can be calculated on the basis of the times which are spent by your partners and also on the basis of skills and responsibilities that are involved amid your staff. The scope of the audit will be to make a comprehensive evaluation of the books of account in order to ascertain the validity and reliability of the published materials of the company. Our company shall be highly obliged if you can confirm your agreement or engagement by singing and returning the enclosed copy of this letter. Thanks & Regards Yours faithfully Manager Loughran and Shrives Chartered Accountants B. Ethical Issues Leaflet Interdependence is one of the fundamental as well as considerable aspects while preparing an audit report. In order to maintain suitable ethical standards in an audit report, it is essential for the auditors to be independent in terms of mental attitude while dealing with their respective clients. The users of the financial statement are primarily concerned about the aspect that the auditors should not compromise with their interdependencies by considering the viewpoints of the clients during the preparation of an audit report. Truthfulness, honesty, integrity, confidentiality and professional behavior are the most essential aspects for the auditors in order to maintain ethical standards and also bring transparency while preparing an audit report. It is also necessary for the audit firms to maintain similar kinds of rules and regulations while preparing an audit report for their respective stakeholders.  

The Role of Loyalty Scheme In Selling Directly to the Customer Research Paper

The Role of Loyalty Scheme In Selling Directly to the Customer - Research Paper Example 3. Identifying the other marketing tools that can be used as alternatives of loyalty schemes and comparing the effectiveness of them. Answers of the three major research questions are likely to meet the above mentioned objectives to a great extent. The entire research process including the search for literature and collection of primary data will be carried out keeping these three questions and objectives in mind. Literature Review Literature review will be the backbone of this research. It will be containing the theoretical aspects of the subject. The focus of this section will be on the main theories behind the emergence of loyalty programs. The literature regarding the history and background of several of such programs will be properly identified and explained in this section. The section will also include the description regarding the way in which consumer behavior is influenced by the loyalty schemes. A preliminary study shows that the loyalty schemes have been very effective du ring the last two-three years especially during the period of recession (Marketing Clout, 2010). They have helped the organizations in retaining their key customers and thereby improving the brand equity. Over the past decade retail industry in UK has become more competitive. Major players now, look for innovative strategies regarding relationship marketing for increasing their sales and maintaining the existing customer base (Stone, M. et al. 2003). Loyalty schemes are actually the result of intense competition among the retailers. This research will try to find out the theoretical aspect behind such outcomes. Furthermore, many consider loyalty schemes as the tool of direct marketing or relationship marketing. Literature... Literature review will be the backbone of this research. It will be containing the theoretical aspects of the subject. The focus of this section will be on the main theories behind the emergence of loyalty programs. The literature regarding the history and background of several of such programs will be properly identified and explained in this section. The section will also include the description regarding the way in which consumer behavior is influenced by the loyalty schemes. The author of the paper declares that the relationship between the brand image and loyalty schemes will be explained in the literature review section. The data required regarding the literature will be collected from various secondary sources like books, journal articles and research papers that are prepared in the past. Both physical and online libraries will be used for accessing these sources. Considering the nature of the data, qualitative analysis will be conducted. This research proposal is developed with the objective of providing a clear overview regarding the actual research that will be carried out very soon. Three major research questions along with the objectives are properly defined in this proposal. The literature searching process in the actual research will involve secondary research. Literatures regarding loyalty schemes and related aspects of marketing and branding will be mainly searched from various books and journals. Focus group interview will be conducted for gathering the primary data.